SURE SUCCESS
MATERIAL IN HISTORY & CIVICS FOR CLASS-X
Prepared
by Social Science Department, CV, Unchahar
SOME TIPS TO ACHIEVE 100%
MARKS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE
IN EXAMINATION HALL
- Read the entire paper thoroughly in the time allotted for this separately.
- Stay calm.
- Write correct question number boldly in the left margin.
- Attempt all parts of the question at one place. Number them appropriately.
- Be specific. Write to the point. Give points in required number only.
- Leave some space before starting a new question. Draw a line in between the answers of two questions if possible.
- Number each point & highlight main points. If possible, suitable headings.
- In writing answers you must underline key terms, concepts & points to highlight them.
- Use correct spelling & proper grammatical sentences while writing answers.
- Don’t waste time in pondering over a difficult question.
- Fasten the Map inside the answer book.
- Check & Recheck the answers in the last 10-15 minutes before submitting the answer book.
- Maintain neatness & accuracy in the answer book. Don’t give wrong data.
DIRECTIONAL WORDS IN DIFFERENT QUESTIONS
·
‘Name’,
‘List’, ‘Mention’, ‘Enumerate’ are to be treated as same & require only writing the required
feature/factor/name etc .No need for any further explanation.
·
‘Define’ requires giving definition & critical
components of that concept.
·
‘Explain’ requires short & specific explanation of the
term or concept specified.
·
‘Analyze’ refers to understanding of the concept/situation
& drawing conclusion/effect.
·
‘Describe’ means to elaborate the term wholly.
MANY WORDS CONVEY THE SAME MEANING
·
Factors
& circumstances
·
Causes,
reasons, motives
·
Effects,
result, consequences, impact
·
Qualities,
features & characteristics
MAP QUESTIONS
·
Identify the maps meant for History & Geography.
·
Read the asking of the questions carefully.
·
Label
the place & give
proper symbols for different locations.
·
Don’t
neglect this section.
Practice more maps before the examination.
CH:
1- NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
Q1:
Frederic Sorrieu’s prints:-
(i)
His four prints visualizing his dream of
‘democratic and social republics’
(ii)
Statue of liberty as a female figure-
with torch of enlightenment in one hand and charter of Rights of man in other
(iii)
on the foreground lie shattered remains
of absolutist institutions
(iv)
People of the world are grouped as
different nations with their flags
Q2:
What is a Nation State:-
(i)
majority of its citizen develop a scene
of common identity
(ii)
Common shared history or descent
(iii)
Common unity & common feeling
(iv)
Large-scale Solidarity, It’s existence
is a daily plebiscite
Q3:
Steps and measures by introduced by French revolutionaries:-
(i)
Idea of La Patrie(the father land) and
Le Citoyen(the citizen)
(ii)
a new tricolor French flag
(iii)
elections of Estates General by active
citizens
(iv)
Patriotic hymns were composed
(v)
abolishing internal custom duties and
dues
(vi)
adoption of uniform system of weights
and measures
(vii)
French became the common language
Q4:
Napoleonic code:-
ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES BY NAPOLEON
·
In Dutch republic, Switzerland, Italy
and Germany
(i)
He simplified administrative divisions
(ii)
Established equality of all the people
and abolished privileges by birth
(iii)
Abolished the feudal system
(iv)
Freed peasants from serfdom and memorial
dues
·
In towns
(i)
Guild restrictions were removed
(ii)
Transport and communication systems
improved
·
Business, peasants, artisans and workers
(i)
Uniform laws
(ii)
Standardized weights and measures
(iii)
A common national currency
DRAWBACKS OF NAPOLEON’S
ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES
(i) taxation was increased
(ii) Censorship- Restriction on freedom of
speech & expression
(iii) Forced conscriptions into French armies
– to conquer the rest of Europe
Q5:
Liberal Nationalism :-
Social
liberalism
(i)
No special privileges to any group
(ii)
Equality for all
Political
liberalism
(i)
Right to vote to elect own ruler
(ii)
A constitution
(iii)
Abolition of absolute rule
Economic
liberalization
(i)
Freedom of markets
(ii)
Abolition of state- imposed restriction
on the movement of goods and capital
(iii)
Common Currency
Q6:
Zollverein:-
Ans: A
custom union formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the
German statesin 1834.
(i)
The union abolished tariff barriers
(ii)
Reduced the number of currencies from
thirty to two
(iii) Supported
Freedom of markets and improvement of roads
Q7:
Treaty of Vienna (1815)
Aims 1. To restore the monarchies that had been
overthrown by napoleon
2.
Get a new conservative order in Europe
Changes
(i) The bourbon dynasty restored to power
(ii) France lost the territories, it had annexed
under Napoleon
(iii) A series of states set on French boundaries
to prevent its expansion in future
(iv) Imposed censorship laws
Q8:
Giuseppe Mazzini:-
i.
Founded two underground societies—Young
Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Borne
ii.
He opposed monarchy and had a vision of
democratic republic
iii.
United the Italian people
Q9:
July Revolution (1830)
This
is the Political Revolution in the month of July 1830 in France.
Changes made in
France
(i) Bourbon dynasty was overthrown by liberal
revolutionaries
(ii) Installation of constitutional monarchy
(iii) Louis Philippe elected as head
Effect:-
1. Uprising
in Brussels – led to Belgium breaking away from United Kingdom of Netherlands
2. Gave
force to Greek War of Independence- 1832
Q10:
Greek war of independence
Factors
(i) Ottoman
Empire was growing old and weak
(ii) Struggle
for independence among Greeks began in 1921 – against Muslim Ottoman empire
(iii) Supported
by West Europeans and Greeks living in exile
(iv) Lord
Biron, an English port organized funds and later went to fight in the war
Effects
(i) Treaty
of Constantinople of 1832 recognized Greece as an independent nation
(ii)
Mobilized nationalist feeling among the
educated elite
Q10:
Role of Romanticism in spreading nationalism
It is
a Cultural movement in the field of art,
music, dance, writing and language development.
(i) Role
of art- Frederic Sorrieu
(ii) Role
of Literature- Role of Grimm Brothers in writing fairy tales & publishing
books
(iii) Role of folk dances, songs and poetry –Role of
Johans Gottfried Herder of Germany
(iv) Opera
and music- Role of Karol Kurpinski of Poland
(v) Role
of language –Polish people used language as weapon against Russia
Q11:
Revolt of 1848 (February Revolution)
This
is the Political Revolution in the month of February 1848 in France.
Reason for
Revolution
Shortage
of food, widespread unemployment
Changes made in
France
(i) France was proclaimed as republic
(ii) Granted
suffrage to all adult males above 21
(iii) Guaranted
right to work
Q12:
Unification of Germany:-
(i) Unification
under Napoleon Bonaparte
(ii) Formation
of Frankfurt parliament-1848, 831 elected members
(iii) Role
of Otto von Bismark-chief minister of Prussia
(iv) Three
wars over seven years-with Austria, Denmark and France
(v) Support
of William I-in 1871, he was proclaimed as German Emperor
Effects:-
(i) The
new states placed a strong emphasis on modernizing currency, banking, legal and
judicial system in Germany
Q13:
Unification of Italy
(ii) Role of Mazzini-Young Italy
(iii) Role of Cavour-chief minister of
Sardinia-Piedmont defeated Austrian forces in 1859
(iv) Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi –captured two
sicilies from Spanish rulers
(v) Role of Victor Emanuel II- economic help
Q14:
Formation of British nation
(i) A multi- ethnic country-English, Welsh,
Scot or Irish
(ii) Act of union (1707) between England and
Scotland, formed U.K
(iii) Influence over Scotland
(iv) Influence over Ireland
(v) Promotion of symbols of new Britain- its
flag, national anthem and language
Q15:
Visualizing the nation
Marianne
(i) Female allegory of France
(ii) Her characteristics drawn from liberty and
the republic
(iii) She wore the red cap, the tricolor, the
cockade
(iv) Considered a national symbol of unity
Germania
(i) Allegory of the German nation
(ii) Wears the crown of oak leaves as it
stands for heroisms
Q16:
Tension in Balkans
Factors
(i) Multi- ethnic grops-Rumania, Bulgaria,
Albania, Greece, Serbia, Slovenia etc.
(ii) Spread of romantic ideas of nationalism
(iii) Disintegration of ottoman empire-it
became weak day by day
(iv) Jealousy with each other for boundaries
and freedom
(v) Interference of big powers-Russia,
Germany, England, Austro-Hungery
Impacts
(i) It led to first world war
(ii) Also led to formation of nation states
Q17:
How nationalism emerged in Europe?
(i) Role of middle class- Secret societies
and revolutionaries
(ii) Types of liberalism-social, political and
economic
(iii)
Romanticism –cultural nationalism
(iv)
French revolutionary ideas
(v)
National allegories
CH -3 NATIONALISM IN INDIA
Ques.1 Economic
and political scenario
in India after world
war 1–
Ø Defense expenditure
increased-led to tax burden
Ø Custom duties , income tax were introduced
Ø Forced recruitment from villages
Ø Extreme hardship – high prices ,
crops failed , influenza, famines
Ques.2 Rowlat
Act –
An act passed in 1919 which gave the
power to government to repress the political activities by allowing detention
of political prisioners without trial for 2 years.
Effects-
Ø Rallies , railway workers
on strikes , shops closed
Ø Gandhi barred
entry into Delhi
Ø 10
April – a peaceful procession
fired upon
Ø Widespread attacks
on govt. Institutions
Ø Martial law
imposed by Gen. Dyer
Ø Jallianwalabagh massacre-1919
Ques.3
Jallianwala bagh-
Ø On 13 April 1919 on the day of
Baisakhi
Ø Not awared about martial law
Ø Thousands were killed by Gen Dyer
Effects
Ø Strikes , clashes with
the police
Ø Attacks on
govt. Buildings
Ø Brutal repression by British govt.
Ø Villages bombed
and people flogged
Ques.4
Ideas of Satyagraha –
Ø Pure
soul force
Ø Novel method
of mass agitation
Ø Emphasized the
power of truth
and need to
search for truth
Ø Suggested to
use non-violence against
oppressors
Ø If
the cause is
true and the
struggle is against
injustice , then no violence
is required to
fight the oppressor
ques.5 Gandhiji’s 3
experiments –
Ø 1917 – went to
champaran in Bihar
to inspire peasants
to struggle against
oppressive plantation system
Ø 1917 – organized satyagrah
for peasants of Gujarat
at Kheda
Ø 1918 – travelled to Ahmadabad to organize satyagrah
among cotton mill
workers
Q6 Why
was NCM launched ?
Ø Realization of Gandhi
Ø To
support khilafat movement
and swaraj
Ø Hindu Muslim
unity
Why NCM slowed
down in cities ?
Ø Expensive khadi
Ø Boycott of British institution
posed a problem-no substitutes for them
Stages
of NCM –
Ø Surrender of
titles
Ø Boycott of
foreign goods and institutions
Ø To go for a full Civil Disobedience
Impacts-
Ø Financial lose to British
Govt.-import to India went down
Ø Promotion of Indian goods
Ø Workers strikes led to down in
British production
Ø Chauri-Chaura incident-1922
Q7. Participation of various groups
in NCM
Ø Middle class in cities-Role of
students, teachers, lawers- boycott and swadeshi
Ø Peasants’ participation-Awadh-under
Baba Ramchandra-Nai-Dhobi Bandh
Ø Tribals’ Participation-at Gudem
Hills of A.P under Alluri Sita ram Raju
Ø Plantation Workers-different notion
of swaraj-right to move freely-Gandhi raj is coming
Q8. Peasants
movements in Awadh –
Ø Led
mainly by Baba Ramchandra
,an indentured labour from Fiji.
Mainly this movement was against the oppressive Talukdars and Zamindars.
Demands-
Ø Abolishing begar
Ø Social boycott
of oppressive landlords
Ø Reduction of
revenue
Stages-
Ø Organizing nai-dhobi
bandhs
Ø Setting up
of oudh kisan
sabha
Ø Attacks and loot
Ø Declaration of
paying no taxes
and redistribution of
land among poor
people
Q9. Tribal
Movement in Gudem
hills of A.P
Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed having
super power-as incarnation of God.
Problems
of Tribals-
Ø Forbidden to
enter forests
Ø Forbidden to
collect fuel woods , fruits
Ø Affected livelihood , denial of
traditional rights
Ø Begar for
construction
Movement-
Ø Poplarisation of Gandhi by Raju
Ø He persuaded the people to wear
Khadi and give up drinking
Ø Believe in Violence
Q10. Aim of Simon Commission-
Ø To
look into the
functioning of Indian
constitutional system
Ø Suggested changes
to it
Reaction
of Indians –
Ø Slogans of
‘go back Simon’
Ø Demonstration by
different parties
Ø Dominion status
Q11. Why CDM started? Stages of CDM
–
Why-
Ø Breaking of
salt law
Ø Failure of Simon Commission
Ø Declaration of Purna Swaraj in Lahor
Congress in 1929
Stages of CDM
Ø Salt
march-13 March to 6 April-240 miles covered in 24 days
Ø Breaking of
salt law-6th April at
Dandi
Ø Declaration of Full civil
disobedience of laws
Ø Gandhi – Irwin pact
Ø Re-launch of CDM in
1932
Effects of CDM
–
Ø Foreign cloth
boycotted
Ø Liquour shops
picketed
Ø Refusal to
pay revenue and
chaukidari taxes
Ø Village officials resigned
Ø Violation of
forest laws by
forest people
Q12.
Gandhi-Irwin pact
Ø Took
place on 5
march 1931
Ø Gandhiji consented
to participate in Round
Table Conference in London
After returning from London Gandhiji
found-
Ø Abdul Ghaffar khan and Nehru were
in jail
Ø The
congress had been
declared illegal
Ø A
series of measures
imposed to prevent
meetings , demonstration and boycotts
Q13.Different
Groups participated in CDM
Peasants communities
Rich
peasants –Patidars of Gujrat and Jats of UP
Ø Hard
hit by trade
depression and falling
prices
Ø Cash
income disappeared
Ø Refusal of
govt. To reduce
revenue demand
Ø Wanted revision
of revenue rates
Poor peasants
Ø Cash
income dwindled so
small tenants unable
to pay their
rent
Ø They
wanted the unpaid
rent to landlords
be remitted
Business classes
Ø Wanted protection
against govt. Policies
that restricted business
activities
Ø A
rupee – sterling foreign exchange
ratio to discourage
imports
Ø They
provided financial assistance
Industrial workers
Ø Movements against
low wages and
poor working condition
Women participation
Ø Participated in
protest marches
Ø Manufactured salt
Ø Picketed foreign
cloth and liquour
shops
Ø Service to
nation – a duty
Q14. Limitation
of CDM
Ø Non-
participation of dalits
Ø Separate Electorates demanded by
B.R.Ambedkar
Ø Non-
participation of Muslims-motivated under Muslim League
Ø Separate Representation demanded
by Jinnah
Q15. Sense
of Collective Belongingness(Various Cultural Processes
responsible)
Ø Identity of
the nation as Bharat
mata
Ø Indian folklore ,slogans and songs
Ø Indian Literature, Novels
Ø Tri -colour flag
Ø Reinterpretation of
history
CIVICS CH-5(PRESSURE GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS)
Q1. Describes the movement for democracy
in Nepal?
The problem Nepal
became a democracy in 1990 and King Birendra accepted constitution
monarchy, but after his death king Gyanendra
denied, dismissed the P.M and dissolved the parliament.
To regain democracy, movt. Started.
·
SPA(Seven Party
Alliance) was formed
·
SPA called for a strike.
People supported
·
Demands-Restoration of parliament,
power to an all party govt., a new constituent assembly.
·
24 April 06,King was forced to accept these three demands,
SPA chose G P koirala as new P.M of the interim govt. .
Q2.
Describe about Bolivia’s water war?
·
The problem – UN forced Bolivia’s govt to give up control of
municipal water supply of the city of Cochabamba. Now under an MNC the price of
water goes up(by 4 times).spontaneous protest.
·
Demands of Bolivians-to cancel the MNC’s
right to water
·
Role of
popular struggles by different
communities, FEDECOR, human right communities.
·
Success in the movt. – Contract with MNC cancelled and water
supply by the municipality at the same old rates.2006 – FEDECOR came to power.
Q3. Role of Organisation and Mobilization in
democratic struggle.
Organization- a group of people in one platform struggling
for a common cause
·
People
get one common platform
·
It
unites the people
·
Gives
rise to leadership and team work
·
It
directly or indirectly influence the govt.
Mobilization-persuading and convincing people
·
Self
motivation
·
Mobilization
by leaders
Q4. How r pressure groups different from
political parties?
Pressure groups. Political
parties
Don’t
aim to directly control or Aim is
to capture political power.
share power. just want to
influence govt. policies.
It
constitutes people from same they
can have diverse objective.
Occupation, opinion
have a
common objective.
It is
not a loose organization. It
is open for all and is a loose org.
It can
be public or sectional It
can be Regional or national parties
Q5. Differences
between the following organizations.
Movt I .G
Loose organization and mass not so loose.
Participation seen.
It is formal and we can join any time. It is not formal.
Eg
. Narmada Bachao Andolan Eg. Lawyer Union
Sectional interest group public
I .G
Their main aim is the better they
aim for general well being of
and well being of members,not the society.
Society in general.
Members from same type of people Members from different types.
Eg. Trade unions. Eg. BAMCEF
Long term movt. Short
term movt.
Seek to achieve a broad goal in a they are issue specific. For
a short term.
Very long time.
They have unlimited time . they
have limited time.
Have clear leadership and some there may be no org. to
guide the movt.
organization to guide.
Eg. Environment protection movt. Eg. Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Q6. How
do pressure groups and movts. exert influence on politics?
Gain
public support-through campaigning, meetings and filling petitions
They
try to influence the media to give more attention to their issue
Protest
activities like Strikes or disrupting govt. programmes.to force it.
Employing professional lobbyists to fight for them
Participating
in official bodies and committees of the government to suggest
Q7. Describe
the relationship between political party and pressure groups .
·
PG are
extended hands of PP – most of the trde unions or students unions are either
established are affiliated to PPs
PP
growing out of movement-DMK, AIADMK, Asom Gana Parishad
Indirect
relations through negotiation and and dialogue.-They raised new issues
Q8. Is
influence of interest groups/ pressure groups healthy or unhealthy?
Healthy
influence
They
have deepened democracy, RTI act compulsory edu. Act and many other acts have been possible due to
them only.
As long
as everyone gets the opportunity, putting pressure on rulers is not unhealthy.
Activity
System
of checks and balances
Where
different groups function actively, no one group can have dominance.
Unhealthy influence
It
defeats democracy-A democracy should look after the interests of all not one.
Pressure
groups are not accountable to the people as they don’t have to contest
election.
Sometimes
pressure groups with small public support but huge amount of money can highjack
public discussion in favour of their narrow agenda.
Negative
attitude of the people leads to violence and loss of property
CIVICS ch-6 POLITICAL PARTY
Political
Party-
A group of people who come together to contest in
elections and hold power in the government
Partisan-
A person who is strongly committed to a party, group
or a faction.
Partisanship-
Tendency to take a side and inability to take a
balanced view on an issue.
Q1. Why modern democracy cannot exist without a
political party?
ANS. 1. They
have the policy changes time to time for
the development of the country.
2. They
highlight the issues for discussion and solution
3. They
only form the govt. machinery and
welfare schemes
4. Opposition party checks the misuse of
ruling party
5.
Political awareness is spread even in the remote village.
Q2.
Functions of a political party?
1. contests
election
2. It
put forward different policies and programs
3. It
makes decisions and laws by discussions
4. It
forms and runs the government
5. role
of opposition-to check the misuse of power by ruling party
6. It
shapes public opinion
Q3. Uniparty, Bi-party and multy-party
system
|
Issues
|
One Party
|
Bi-party
|
Multy-party
|
|
Development
|
Very
Fast
|
Also
fast
|
slow
|
|
Decision
|
Fast
but may be non qualitative
|
Fast
but some quality
|
Slow
but qualitative
|
|
Political
Stability
|
More
stability
|
Stability
is there
|
Less
stability in coalition govt.
|
|
Expenditure in
election
|
less
|
medium
|
Huge
expenditure
|
|
Democratic
concept/people’s choice
|
No
democracy/no choice
|
Only
alternative choice
|
Large
democratic opportunity/ many
|
|
Frredom and
Rights
|
Less
|
Medium
|
Many
rights & freedom
|
|
Example
|
China
|
USA
and Britain
|
India
|
Q4. What is a ‘recognized party’?
·
These are the parties which get
registered by the election commission of India and get some special facilities
as they are large and established. These parties are given unique symbols which
only the official candidates can use.
Q5. Conditions for a state party and a
national party?
·
For
state party-
1. Any
party which gets 6% votes in the elections of legislative assembly
2. Wins
at least 2 seats is called a state party.
·
For
national party.
1. Any
party getting 6% votes in lok sabha elections or assembly elections in 4
states.
2. Wins
at least 4 seats in lok sabha
Q6. I N C
·
Foundation-1885 for freedom struggle
·
Leaders-J.L.Nehru, M.K.Gandhi etc
·
Ideology-Secularism, welfare of weaker
sections and minorities
·
Election History- Rulling party till
1977 again from 1980 to 1989.
·
Current position- Currently leads UPA
Q7. B J P
·
Foundation-1980
·
Leaders-Atal Vihari Bajpayee, Lal
Krishna Advanic
·
Ideology- Hindutva - cultural nationalism – building a strong and
modern India by drawing out cultural values.Election History- Rulling party
till 1977 again from 1980 to 1989. Full integration of J &K.Uniform civil
code.To ban religious conversions.
·
Election History- came to power in 1998.
·
Current position- Currently leads NDA
Q8. B S P.
·
Foundation-1884 under the leadership of
Kanshi Ram
·
Ideology-Represent and secure power for
Bahujan samaj like dalits. Adivasis .
·
Leaders- –Kanshi Ram, Mayabati.
Inspiration from- teachings of sahu maharaj, mahatma phule.
·
Election History-Formed govt. in UP
·
Current position-Opposition party in U.P
Q9. C P I.
·
Foundation-1925
·
Ideology-Believes in Marxism and
Leninism, Supports socialism, secularism,
opposes communalism.Accepts democratic elections as a way of securing
socio economic justice.Critical to those laws which don’t allow free flow of trade and goods.
·
Election history-Supports UPA from
outside
Q10- Challenges faced by political
parties in India
Ø Lack of Internal Democracy
·
Concentration of power in one or few
hands
·
Don’t keep membership register
·
Don’t hold organizational meetings
·
Don’t conduct internal election
regularly
·
Ordinary members with quality donot get
chance
Ø Dynastic Succession
Ø Money and Muscle power
Ø No meaningful choices among people
Ø Corruptions and malpractices
Q11.
Suggestions for the reform of Political parties
Ø Law
should be made to deal with the internal democracy of the party
Ø One
third tickets should be given to women
Ø Fund
should be provided for election
Ø Political
training to the candidates
Ø Education
for candidates
Ø Strict
rules for corruption
CH-7
OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
Q.1 Why is democracy better?
Ø Promotes
equality among citizens.
Ø Allows
room to correct mistakes.
Ø Better
decision making.
Ø Maintain
dignity of citizens
Ø Accountable
and responsive
Ø More
participation of the people
Q.2 How do we access democracy?
Ø Popular
participation.
Ø Public
awareness and transparency.
Ø Economic
and political survey
Ø By
assessing legislation and implementation.
Q3.
Accountable, Responsive and Legitimate Government
Accountable
Government
(i) It
is responsible to people.
(ii) It is transparent which
means public has the mean to know the process of
decision
making.
(iii) It is accountable because
democracy works by negotiation and discussions.
(iv) There is public debate on
every big issue.
Responsive Government means:
(i) It responds to urgent needs,
demands and requirement of people.
(ii) It is free from
corruption.
Legitimate
government means:
(i)
It is legally elected by the people,
(ii)
works as per constitution’s rules and
regulations
Q3.Economic
Development of a country is depend upon several factors
Ø
Country’s population size
Ø
Global situation- war or peaceful
situation
Ø
Co-operation from neighbouring countries
Ø
Economic priority
Ø
Status of the Resources of the country
Q4.
Democracy has not removed economic inequality. Why?
Ø
Distribution of wealth is not proper-
rich becoming richer
Ø
Little gain to the bottom of the
society- poor becoming poorer
Ø
Corruption from top to bottom
Ø
Lack of executing properly the welfare
schemes
Ø
Lack of awareness of the people
Q5.In India, Democracy does better accommodation to social diversity.
How?
Ø
Equal rights to all groups and community
of people
Ø
Every one has a say against the govt. if
any wrog doing
Ø
People’s participation in govt’s
decision
Ø
Linguistic accommodation
Ø
Religious accommodation
Ø
Regional accommodation
Q6. How do democracy leads to a peaceful
and harmonious life among citizens?
(i) Proper accommodation.
(ii) Secure fundamental rights.
(iii) Better decisions.
(iii)
No dominance.
(iv)
Popular participation
CH-8 CHALLENGES
TO DEMOCRACY
1. Foundational challenge:
(i) To bring
down the existence of non democracy regime.
(ii) Keep
away military rule.
(iii) Establishing a sovereign and functional state.
2. Challenge of expansion:
(i)
Expanding the principle of democracy to all region and different groups
and
Institution.
(ii)
Inclusion of women and minority group.
(iii)
Ensuring greater power to local government.
(iv) Extension of federation to all units of
federations.
3. Deepening of democracy:
(i) It
involves strengthening of institutions and practices of a democracy.
(ii) It
involves strengthening of those institutions that insures people participation
and
control.
iii)
Reducing gap between rich and poor
iv)
Reducing the pressure of muscles and money power
4. What is democratic or political reform?
All suggestions for overcoming the challenges of
democracy are called democratic reform.
The
best laws are those laws which empower people to carry out democratic reforms.
5. How would you define democracy?
(i) The
rulers elected by people should only take major decisions.
(ii) There
should be free and fair elections. Elections must offer free and fair
opportunity
to
change leaders.
(iii) This
choice and opportunity should be available to all on equal basis.
(iv)
Government should be limited by basis rules of constitution and
citizen’s right.
6. Guidelines
to keep in mind while making political /democratic
reforms in India:
(i) Carefully devised laws.
(ii)
Implementation of best laws.
(iii)
Strengthening democratic practices.
(iv) Careful
implementation of laws.
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GOOD
LUCK
