1. Food – an example of long distance culture exchange · Spaghetti and noodles
· Pasta
· Foods in India
· Dependence on potato
· Discovery of India
2. The most powerful weapon of Spanish consequences
· Germs of smallpox
· No immunity
· Spread of disease
· Way for conquest
3. Why thousand fled from Europe to America?
· Poverty ad hunger
· Overcrowded cities
· Deadly disease
· Religious conflicts
4. Flows within international economic exchange
· Flows of trade
· Flows of capital
· Flows of Labour
5. Corn Laws: Pressure from landed groups- restricted import of corn
Effects
· Industrialists- unhappy with corn law- corn produced less-prices increased.
· Peasants were unhappy- land utilized- good sum of money.
· Urban dwellers were unhappy.
6. Role of Technology
· Railways, steamships and telegraph
· Technological advances
7. Problems in carrying live animals on ships
· Lot of space
· Died in voyage
· Became unfit
8. Advantages of carrying slaughtered animals
· Reduced shipping costs
· Lowered meat prices
· More varied diet
9. Methods to recruit African labour by Europeans
· Imposing heavy taxes
· Changing inheritance laws
· Rinderpest: It was a cattle disease.
10. What was it? How it reached Africa? Why?
· Carried by infected cattle from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers
· Reached Africa’s Atlantic Coast in 1892.
Effects:-
· Lass of cattle- destruction of African livelihoods
· Monopoly over scare resources
· Control over cattle.
11. Uses of Britain’s trade surplus with India
· Balancing trade deficits
· Play ‘home charges’
· Pay interests
12. Significance of World War 1
· Use of modern weapons/ First modern industrial war
· Large number of solders from around World
· Large transportation
· Massive destruction
13. Effects of 1st World war
· Mass death and destruction
· Reduction in workforce of Europe
· Restructuring of industries
· Reorganization of society
.
14. Effects of Economic Boom(during war)
· Production increased
· Employment increased
15. Methods followed by Henry ford for mass production.
· Assembly line
· Doubling wages
· Banning trade unions
16. Impacts of Assembly line method
· Copying in Europe
· Low cost and prices
· More affordability
· Mass production
· Demand for work increased
17. Factors for great depression
· Agriculture overproduction
· Loans from US
· Withdrawal of US loans
18. Effects of Great depression on India
· Halved import and export
· Prices crashed
· Indebt ness of peasants and farmers
· Refusal for reduction in revenue
19. How peasants coped up with GD?
· Increased peasants indebt ness
· Used their savings
· Mortgaged lands
· Sold jewellary
20. Lessons for USA from inter- war economic experience
· Mass production by full employment
· Economic links with outside world
21. Influences that shaped post- war reconstruction
· US dominance
· Dominance of the Soviet union
22. Aims of Bretton wood system
· Role IMF
· Role of world bank
23. Effects of Bretton woods system
· Growth of incomes and trade
· Stale growth
· Spread of technology and enterprises
24. Factors for end of Bretton woods system
· Rising cost of overseas involvement
· No command of US dollars
· Focus over developing countries
· Fixed exchange rate
25. Factors helping China a position in World Market
· Low wages, cheap labour
· Low cost structure of Chinese goods
· Hardworking workers
26. After corn laws scrapped – effects on Britain
· British agriculture unable to compete
· Vast area remain uncultivated
· Unemployment
· Migration
27. Role of Silk route in Globalization
· Connecting the Word
· Trade and commence
· Culture exchange
28. Role of conquest in globalization
· Industries
· Introduction of English language
· Exchange of knowledge
· Establishment of Railways
29. What were the ancient or pre-modern factors which helped in globalization
· Travelers
· Traders
· Priests and Pilgrims
· Germs and disease
30. 3 types of Flows
· Flow of trade
· Flow of labour
· Flow of capital
31. How a global agriculture economy took place
· Flow of trade
· Flow of labour
· Flow of capital
32. Factors which led to making of a global world
· Railways
· Telegraph
· Steam ships
· Internet
33. Effects of reinterprets
· Rest ruction of cattle
· Destruction of livelihood
· Monopolization of cattle’s
· Conquering part of Africa